Trilocanapala

Last reigning Hindu Shahi king · killed 1021 CE

Trilocanapala (Sanskrit) — also Tarojanapala in the Persian sources — is the last Hindu Shahi king to hold any meaningful territory. After Wahind and the loss of Kangra, he retreats further east into the lower Punjab and the Salt Range, fights a series of running engagements with Mahmud’s lieutenants, and is finally killed in 1021 CE. His son Bhimapala dies in 1026 CE, and the Hindu Shahi political line ends.

After 1026

The cadet branches survive — through the Lohara dynasty of Kashmir (via Queen Didda’s lineage), through the Janjua of the Salt Range, and — in this project’s reading, following G. S. L. Devra — through the long retreat east of the people it identifies as the surviving Varaha-Shahi line, to Bhatinda, Sirhind, and Ambota. That the Varaha descend from the Hindu Shahis is the central hypothesis of this project, not a settled fact; see Genealogy.

Sources

• Al-Utbi, Tarikh-i Yamini
• Firishta, Tarikh-i Firishta
• Al-Biruni, Kitāb al-Hind
• Abdur Rehman, The Last Two Dynasties of the Shahis (1988)

Last edited 18 October 2026.